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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or false: Acute hepatitis has many causes.
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true
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Acute hepatitis that has influenza-like and digestive tract symptoms but no jaundice is known as _______ hepatitis.
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anicteric
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________ hepatitis is preceded by days to weeks of symptoms like malaise, nausea, and decreased appetite.
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icteric
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___________ hepatitis refers to prolonged jaundice and pruritus.
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cholestatic
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What other conditions can acute viral hepatitis cause?
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Guillain-Barre Syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and cryoglobulinemia
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What is the most accurate indicator of the outcome of a case of acute liver failure?
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prolonged prothrombin time
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Chronic hepatitis has inflammation lasting more than ____ months.
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6
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When it comes to causes of chronic hepatitis, what do A, B, C, and D each stand for?
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A. autoimmune, alcohol
B. HBV C. HCV D. HDV, drugs |
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Wilson's disease is an overload of which element?
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copper
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What differentiates cirrhosis from hepatitis?
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cirrhosis is an irreversible change
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What causes cirrhosis?
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scar tissue formed from the death of inflamed tissue
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Elevation of what substances can be used in diagnosing cirrhosis?
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AST, ALT (aminotransferases)
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Enlarged veins in the esophagus known as _________ are a source of life threatening blood loss.
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varices
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Fatty liver is caused by excessive consumption of _________.
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alcohol
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What symptoms may indicate alcoholic hepatitis?
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abdominal pain, fever, and jaundice
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What is involved in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease?
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abstention (from alcohol), nutrition, and transplantation
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True or false: Non alcoholic fatty liver is clearly distinguishable histologically from alcoholic fatty liver.
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false
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NAFLD/NASH is commonly seen in the context of the ____________.
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metabolic syndrome
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The presence of three or more of what criteria define the metabolic syndrome?
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1. waist circumference (>102 cm in men, >88 cm in women)
2. BP > 130/85 mmHg 3. S-glucose > 110 mg/dl 4. S-Triglycerides > 150 mg/dl 5. HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl (men) and 50 mg/dl (women) |
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The metabolic syndrome predicts a great risk for ___________.
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atherosclerosis
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_________ resistance plays a central role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver in NFLD and NASH.
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insulin
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List the steps 6 steps in the mechanism of NAFLD/NASH.
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1. Insulin resistance
2. Hepatic steatosis 3. oxidative stress 4. lipid peroxidation 5. NASH 6. Cirrhosis |
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True or false: Hepatotropic viruses can infect other organs besides the liver.
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true
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Which type of viral hepatitis would you most likely get from contaminated shellfish?
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Hepatitis A
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True or false: Hepatitis A usually progresses to chronic Hepatitis.
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false
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Hepatitis A is transmitted person to person by the _____-______ route.
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fecal-oral
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Which type of viral hepatitis is caused by a double stranded DNA virus?
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Hepatitis B
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The high rates of Hepatitis B seen in other parts of the world are sustained by transmission from ________ to __________.
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mothers, newborns
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In long standing cases of Hepatitis B, there is an increased risk of __________.
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hepatocellular cancer
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What three bodily fluids are are infections HBV found in?
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blood, saliva, and semen
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Hepatitis B can follow four courses. Which two did we discuss in class?
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1. Acute, self-limited hepatitis B
2. Fulminant Hepatitis B |
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In Hepatitis B, what is the first marker seen in the blood that indicates infection?
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Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
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What can be used prophylactically to prevent Hep B infection within a few hours of exposure?
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Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
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True or false: It is fairly common to get vaccinated for Hep B.
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true
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Hepatitis D is associated exclusively with what other infection?
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Hepatitis B
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When HBV and HDV occur simultaneously, this is called a __________.
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co-infection
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What is particularly bad about a HDV/HBV superinfection?
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it causes worsening of hepatitis and may lead to a fulminant case
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Which Hepatitis type is the most common reason for liver transplant in the US.
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HCV
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50% of people with HCV have no _________________.
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identifiable risk factors
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How is Hepatitis E transmitted?
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sewage contaminated water
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Hepatitis E is usually benign except in which situation?
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women in their third trimester of pregnancy
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Cholelithiasis is a fancypants word for what?
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gallstones
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3 out of 4 cases of choleithiasis are due to _____________.
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cholesterol stones
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What are the risk factors for cholesterol stones?
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"female, 40, fat, or fertile"
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Acute cholecystitis causes severe pain where?
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upper right quadrant with radiation to the lower angle of the shoulder blade
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True or false: Chronic cholecystitis is very easy to diagnose.
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false
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Which type of cholecystitis typically requires immediate removal of the gallbladder?
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acute
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In choledocholithiasis, where are the stones found?
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the common bile duct
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Free gallstones that become impacted at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum can lead to life-threatening ___________.
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ascending cholangitis
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What is the primary problem in hereditary hemochromatosis?
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too much iron absorbed from the gut
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What can hereditary hemochromatosis cause?
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cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and skin bronzing
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What is the treatment for hereditary hemochromatosis?
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regular phlebotomy
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Kayser Fleischer rings are found in the ______ and indicate _______ Disease.
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eyes, Wilson's
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