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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
propagation methods included under vegetative propagation
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Grafting, Layering, Tissue Culture, Root Cuttings, Rhizomes, corms, bulbs, division |
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Principle use for vegetative propagation
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Retaining specific characteristics, faster production than seed, seed propagation may be impractical
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what is a clone?
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Traditional method used to breed plants, Asexually propagation beginning with a single unique plant
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Clones start by...
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Interbreeding seeds, sometimes takes years to achieve desired qualities
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Propagate by division
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maintain characteristics such as flower color
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A chimera is
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A plant that has more than one cell type, some produce chlorophyll others don't giving it a two tone color |
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examples of chimera
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starlight fig, nectarine |
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origin of chimeras |
result of spontaneous mutations which occur in the outer layers of cells in the central zone of the apical meristem |
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mosaic
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genetic mutations that do not begin in the apical meristem, usually affects one leaf not the whole plant
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variegation is...
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patterns of color or stripes |
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examples of variegation |
chimeras, inherited trait, inherited random gene expression, combo chimera and inherited trait, virus, leaf blisters |
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inherited trait
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starts in seed |
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to propagate a virus
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must be from cuttings, general not harmful |
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leaf blister |
silver color, open area in mesophyll full of water and air |
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reversion
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if a flower started out orange turned red then back to orange |
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cork cambium |
produces bark |
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meristem |
unspecified cells that can change, growing tips of roots and shoots |
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examples of adventitious roots
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preformed, wound induced |
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adventitious shoots are also known as
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foliar embryos
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herbaceous
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soft plants, no secondary growth
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softwood |
no secondary growth |
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softwood has a high rooting potential but
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susceptible to water stress, mist systems are good for these cuttings |
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summer and fall
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best time to take cuttings from semi-hardwood is new growth has stopped growing |
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cuticle layer on semi hardwoods
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less susceptible to water stress |
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use hardwood cuttings
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when there is no means to combat water stress |
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dormant season
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deciduous hardwood favorable time for cutting
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leaf cuttings
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whole blade, piece of blade, or has petiole can be used. depending on the plant |
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flat leaf cutting
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face up-major veins cut must be in contact with moist medium |
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most plants
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cant be propagated by leaf cuttings |
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leaf bud cutting |
leaf blade, petiole, and a short piece of stem w/ auxillary bud |
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phylloclade
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flattened, photosynthetic branch or stem that resembles or performs the function of the leaf-basic propagation unit of holiday cacti
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choosing propagation medium
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cost, availability, type of procedure/ cutting
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soil, sand, perlite, peat moss, vermiculite, bark, synthetic plastic aggregates
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types of propagation media
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air layering
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plants forms roots on a stem while still connected to mother plant |
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air layer when |
mist systems are unavailable |
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air layering stimulates root growth because |
removing phloem causes carbs & auxin build up at the top of the girdle. removing cambium prevents wound healing...keep xylem for water flow |
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purpose of rooting hormones
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stimulate hard to root species, speed up rooting, increase the uniformity |
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auxin |
naturally occurring rooting hormone involved in controlling growth processes |
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meristematic
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cells or tissue capable of division |
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differentiated
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process of cells becoming specialized |
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adventitious roots
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a root growing from a location other than underground |
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preformed roots
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occur naturally on the stem while still attached to the parent plant, like those that's vines attach to trees with |
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epiphytes
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plants that grow on other plants w/o causing harm, they have adventitious roots to help it climb and absorb water and nutrients |
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prop roots |
help support plant/ keep it upright |
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2 main types of roots |
seedling roots and adventitious roots |
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wound induced adventitious roots |
form in response to cuttings and is caused by root stress |
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etiolation
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process of flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light, characterized by long weak stems |
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adventitious roots in potted plants |
crowded, high humidity, or overwatering force adventitious roots to form as a survival method
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stolon
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arial stem |
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