Psych 101 Midterm

The nervous system is defined as _______

The two main divisions of the nervous sytem are the ______ and _______

A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that syste is called a _______

Which of the following best represents the order in which a neuron receives and transmits information?

A nerve is a group of _______ bundled together.

The area of the brain most affected by alcohol (a GABA agonist) is the....

Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock?

Neurons that carry information from the senses to the spinal cord are called _______.

Voluntary muscles are controlled by the _______ nervous system.

Double-blind studies control for _______

Dr. Silverberg conducted a study in which she tests infants for memory ability. Before she can begin her study, she must obtain _______.

You are at a basketball game and the arena is packed; the crown is evenly split between fans of the two teams. At one point, the referee makes a call. Half of the fans yell insults; the other half of the fans shout their approval. The event reminds you of the topic of today's lecture in psychology class. What was the likely topic of the lecture?

At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to _______.

The school of psychology called structuralism used a technique called _______, which involed reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person's experiences.

The structuralists were important in the history of psychology because they _______.

What did Sigmun Freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?

Which type of psychologist would be most likely to argue that a criminal engages in unlawful behavior because he grew up around older boys who engaged in criminal activities?

The Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that _______.

Freud said phobias were ______ whereas Watson said phobias were _______.

If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the _______ perspective.

Dr. Jones probably agrees with the _______ theory of psychology, since he contends that humans are intelligent species due to the fact that intelligence gives us an advantage in the natural world.

Which of the following would most likely work with a person with shizophrenia, who was wanting to be prescribed medication?

An operational definition is _______.

A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. This psychologist is most interested in the goal of _______.

As she walks out of the living room, Gloriann turns out the light. In this example, Gloriann's _______ is active.

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands is called the _______ nervous system.

As Molly is walking across campus, a car swerves towards her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way. This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Molly's _______

Tim is overweight. HIs physician has decided to test him to see if there is a problem with the regulation of his metabolism. Which endocrine gland will be the focus of diagnostic testing?

Sometimes in order to study parts of an animal's brain, researchers may deliberately damage a part of the brain. They accomplish this by placing into the brain a thin insulated wire through which they send an electrical current that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire. This technique is called ________.

Marika needs to have a neuroimaging test that will track the activity of her brain, along with changes in her brain oxygen levels. Which of the following offers an alternative to PET scans, with the advantage of using radioactive tracers that are easier to monitor?

Which of the following coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement?

If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ________ area of the brain.

As Joe walks to his car late at night, he hears footsteps behind him. Feeling afraid, Joe grips his keys and quickens his pace. It is likely that Joe's ________ has been activated.

The area at the back of the temporal lobe that is crucial in the ability to listen, process, and understand what others are saying is ________ area.

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?

Juan's toe was severed and was quickly sewn back on by a surgeon. As a result, he regained some function and feeling in his toe. Which of the following are responsible for Juan's ability to regain function and feeling in his toe?

What is the term used to describe the bulbs located at the end of the axon?

A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called a ________.

Pain-controlling chemicals in the body are called ________.

The structures of the limbic system play an important role in ________ and ________.

The ________ is the part of the brain responsible for the formation of long-term memories.

Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of the brain is the most likely site of the damage?

Warren is having trouble deciding what he wants to eat for breakfast. Which lobe of his brain is especially active as he makes his selection?

Since Norma is a split-brain patient, we can infer that she likely has a history of ________.

When a neuron is in the resting potential state, where are there more sodium ions?

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is a statement associated with the perspective of

__________ was (were) the focus of Watson’s behaviorism.

Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?

Jenna suffers from a nervous tic of washing her hands repeatedly and being unable to resist washing them again and again. Which perspective would explain Jenna’s hand-washing behavior as a result of repressed conflicts?

Which perspective looks at perception, learning, and memory?

In the scientific method, forming an educated guess is called

Harlan wanted to write realistically about street gangs, so he pretended to be a teenager and joined a real gang. This is most similar to the method of _______

The main advantage of a case study is_______

Drinking orange juice is negatively correlated with the risk of cancer. Based on this information, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best fit are interested in the goal of _______

Your friend has experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. He is laughing with you and suddenly falls to the ground. Your friend is probably suffering from ________.

Which statement is correct concerning how much sleep people need?

________, a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland.

Interpretation of the ________ content of a dream is expected to reveal the ________ content.

Freud believed that dreams _______.

Nicotine is a _______.

REM behavior disorder results from _______.

Manifest content is to latent content as _______.

The key to hypnotic induction seems to be related to ________.

Short, rhythmic bursts of brainwave activity that appear during stage 2 sleep are called ________.

Which of the following statements is correct concerning hypnosis?

What do we call a state of consciousness that can result from the use of alcohol, drugs, or hypnosis?

Which of the following individuals is most likely to sleepwalk?

Your brain waves are being monitored in a sleep laboratory. If you are in deep sleep less than an hour after falling asleep, what brain waves will be detected?

A circadian cycle is about ________ hours long.

You find it hard to sleep due to your roommate's sleeping behavior. She snores quite a bit and at times it sounds as though she has great difficulty breathing. Your roommate may have ________.

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?

How does Ernest Hilgard explain pain reduction through hypnosis?

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep throughout the night is ________.

What term do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings, sensations, 
and thoughts?

The restorative theory views sleep as ________.

Selma notices that as her supply of marijuana decreases she starts thinking more and more about where she can get another supply as well as feeling nervous and anxious. This is an example of ________.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship of the total amount of sleep that an individual receives as a function of age?

Which of the following is CORRECT concerning REM deprivation?

Which of the following is an example of a trance state?

Sleep research supports three helpful hints to avoid insomnia. Which of the following statements is one of them?

Each of the following is true of sleepwalking EXCEPT ________.

The activation-information-mode model suggests ________.

How does the activation-synthesis hypothesis explain dreaming?

According to this theory, sleep is a product of evolution.

Learning is said to be a relatively permanent change in behavior because ________.

Every time Maricella goes to work in the morning, she notices that her dog sulks in the corner of the room and looks very sad. Over several weeks, she notices that the dog gets unhappy when she picks up her car keys, immediately before leaving the house. Which phenomenon of learning best describes the dog's behavior?

What happened to "Little Albert"?

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called ________.

It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called ________.

Last month Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs, so he no longer likes chili dogs. Walter has experienced ________.

Pavlov's model of classical conditioning was based on the idea that the conditioned stimulus, through its association close in time with the unconditioned stimulus, came to activate the same place in the animal's brain that was originally activated by the unconditioned stimulus. This was known as ________.

________ classical conditioning, operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________.

When good things happen to someone, the probability of repeating the behavior that occurred before the good things increases. This best illustrates:

Reinforcement is to punishment as _______.

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend he drinks alcohol, which helps dull his feelings. This best illustrates:

A monthly paycheck best represents a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Catching fish when fishing in a lake would most likely represent which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Which of the following statements is true regarding punishment?

The processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval are seen as part of the __________ model of memory.

Long ago, during the early days of television, when a television set was turned off it took a while for the last image that was on the screen to fade away. This phenomenon is most like __________.

A time machine provides you the opportunity to interview Sigmund Freud. During the interview, Freud admits that he never wanted to attend medical school. When you ask him how he made it through, he says, "I had eidetic imagery." What does he mean by that?

Sitting in a very noisy restaurant, you are able to screen out all the other conversations around you so you can listen to the friend with whom you are conversing. This is an example of __________.

Maria finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments, such as the first three digits, then the next two, and then the final four. Each of these short segments of the number are called __________.

Suppose Tamika looks up a number in the telephone book. After getting a busy signal, a minute or so later she tries to call again - but has already forgotten the number! This example illustrates the limited duration of __________ memory.

Maintenance rehearsal is defined as __________.

Which type of long-term memory is most resistant to loss with Alzheimer's disease?

Remembering your first day of college classes is an example of __________ memories.

Someone asks you to name the twenty-second president of the United States, but you can't remember. To aid your memory, the person then tells you that the president's name is the same as that of a large city on Lake Erie. Upon hearing the hint, you instantly realize that Grover Cleveland is the answer. In this situation, the hint acted as a(n) __________.

The best place to take your midterm exam to ensure good retrieval of psychology concepts is __________.

The fact that it is easier to recall items at the beginning and end of a list of unrelated items is known as the __________.

Examples of tests that use recognition are _______.

Forgetting in long term memory is most likely due to _______.

A man known as H.M. lost the ability to form new memories after an operation removed portions of his _______.