Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is memory?
|
An active mental system (ability) that allows you to put away info for later use.
|
|
What does the information processing model of memory assume?
|
-Processing of info for memory storage is similar to a computer
|
|
-Sensory memory
-Short term memory -Long term memory -Selective attention |
-very fast stage, where info enter the nervous system (through the senses) lasts generally only a second or so.
-where info is held for a brief period of time while being used -Used to keep info "permanently" ability to focus on one stimulus from all sensory inputs move info from sensory to STM |
|
Encoding
Retrieval |
-put in, for short or long time use
-Get out |
|
What is another name for short term memory? what is the capacity of STM? How long does it last without rehearsal?
|
-Working memory
-7 items +/- two 5-9 -About 12-13 seconds without |
|
Chunking
|
-Bits of info combined into meaningful units (chunks) so more info can be held in the stimulus
|
|
What is the difference between maintenance and elaborative rehearsal? Which one is more useful in getting info into long term memory?
|
-Saying things over and over in your head to keep them in STM or LTM
-Move from STM to LTM by making info meaningful -ER is more useful getting things from STM to LTM |
|
What is the difference between declarative and procedural memory? Which one is implicit and explicit?
|
-Things people already know, consciously know and can verbalize.
-Skills (Things people know how to do) Emotional association, habits, and simple conditioned reflexes, Not easily brought into awareness. -Declarative is explicit and Procedural is implicit |
|
Semantic memory
Episodic memory |
General knowledge (knowledge of language and info learned in formal education etc.)
Personal info not readily available to others (daily activities and events) -both types of declarative memory |
|
What is the difference in recall and recognition? Which one is easier? What are the types of failure for each one?
|
-Pull info from memory with few external cues ex: short answer essay fill in (harder)
-Match pieces of info to stored image/fact ex: multiple choice fill in with word bank true/false (easier) -Draw a blank tip of the tongue phenomenon -don't recognize something you should -False positive= recognize something you shouldn't |
|
What is the primacy effect and the recency effect? Which one is for right away and which one is for a day later?
|
-Remember info at beginning better
-Remember info at the end better -Both asked right away -primacy asked after a day |
|
What is a retrieval cue?
|
Stimulus for remembering
|
|
what is encoding specificity? What is state dependent learning?
|
-Remembering better if info is available when memory formed is also available at retrieval (surrounding of physio. state)
-Memories formed during a particular physiological or psychological state will be easier to recall while in a similar state. |
|
Automatic encoding
|
-Certain kinds of info seem to enter LTM with little effort
|
|
Flashbulb memory
|
-Automatic encoding
-Occurs when unexpected event has emotions |
|
Eye witness testimony
|
-Not always reliable
-ages -use free recall -sooner than later -Hypnosis doesn't help |
|
Constructive process
|
-fact that memory can be altered, revise or influenced by new info during retrieval
-called misinformation effect |
|
False memory syndrome
-Is it possible to create false memories? -Is it possible to repress real memories? |
-Creation of inaccurate or false memories through others
-Yes -Yes |
|
Curve of forgetting
|
-Pattern showing that you forget things very fast within the firs hour then it starts to tapper off
-Disturbed practice leads to better retrieval |
|
4 types of forgetting
|
1)encoding failure: failure to process info into memories
2)Decay:loss of memory due to time when its not used 3)Proactive interference:old info gets in the way of retrieval of new info 4)Retroactive interference:new info gets in the way of retrieving old info |