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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
"nervous system"
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"a network of cells that carries info to and from all pints of body"
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"neuroscience"
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"life science deals w/ structure & functions of neurons
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"neuron"
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"specialized cell that recieves/sends messages ‚ fires in all or none fashion"
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"dendrite"
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"branches that receive messages from other neurons"
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"soma"
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"cell body of neuron"
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"axon"
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"part of cell that sends messages (tube like)"
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"glial cells"
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"gray fatty cells: provide support for neurons to grow
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"mylein"
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"fatty substances produced by glial cells that coat axons to insulate them"
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"nerves"
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"bundles of axons that ravel together throughout body"
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"resting potential"
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"state of neuron when not firing"
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"action potential"
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"release of neural impulse ‚ consists of a reversla of the elec. Charge within ion"
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"all or none"
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"neurons are either on or off ‚ never 1/2"
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"axon terminals"
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"branches at end of axon"
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"synaptic knob"
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"rounded areas at end of axon terminal"
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"synaptic vesciles"
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"sack like structure found inside synaptic knob containing chemicals"
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"neurotransmitter"
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"chamical in vescile that when released has effect on next cell"
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"synapse"
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"microscopic fluid filled space between know and dendrite of next cell"
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"receptor site"
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"holes in surface of dendrites- shaped to fit specific neurotransmitters"
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"excitory synapse"
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"synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes receiving cell to fire"
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"inhibitory synapse"
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"same as excitory but causes it to stop firing"
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"agonists"
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"mimic/enhance effect of NT on receptor site ‚ diff. Signal"
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"antagonists"
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"reduces effects of NTS ‚ no signal"
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"reputake"
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"Nts are taken back into the vescile"
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"Central Nervous System"
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"Brain and Spinal cord (CNS)"
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"spinal cord"
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"long bundle of neurons ‚ carries messages between body / brain"
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"afferent (sensory neurons)"
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"carries info from senses to CNS"
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"efferent (motor) neurons"
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"from CNS to muscles"
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"interneuron"
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"in center of spinal cord. Recieves form afferent & sends to muscles via efferent"
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"reflex arc"
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"connection of afferent to inter to efferent. Causes a reflex action"
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"neuroplasticity"
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"ability within brain to constantly change structure/function of a cell b/c of trauma"
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"stem cells"
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"special cells that can create new cells when needed"
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"peripheral NS (PNS)"
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"all nerves/neurons not in brain/spinal cord --- PNS has 2 parts Auto/Somatic. Auto has para and sympa."
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"autonomic NS"
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"division of PNS that controls all involuntary muscles"
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"sensory pathway"
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"nerves coming from senses to CNS ‚ consists of afferent neurons"
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"motor pathway"
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"nerves from CNS to voluntary muscles- all efferent neurons"
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"sympathetic division"
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"part of ANS that responds to stressful events & bodily arousal (fight or flight)"
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"parasympathetic division"
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"part of ANS that restores body to normal functions after arousal"
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"deep lesioning"
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"insertion of thin insulated wire into brain to destroy brain cells"
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"EEG"
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"machine that measures brain wave patterns"
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"CT"
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"computer controlled xrays of brain"
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"MRI"
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"radio/magnetic waves used to make detailed images of brain"
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"PET"
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"measures location of brain activity"
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"medulla"
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"large swelling at top of spnal cord. Responsible for life saving functions like breating
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"pons"
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"larger swelling above medulla. Connects top/bottom of brain ‚ sleep/dreaming/left-right coordination."
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"reticular formation"
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"neurons running through medulla & pons that is responsible for selective attention"
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"cerebellum"
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"part of lower brain behind pons. Involuntary
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"limbic system"
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"group of structures under cortex. Learning
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"hypothalamus"
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"Small- below thalamus. Motivational behavior like sleep
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"hippocampus"
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"curved structure located within each temporal lobe
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"amygdala"
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"near hippocamppus
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"cortex"
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"outermost covering of brain. Consists of densely packed neurons. Higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory output"
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"cerebral hemisphere"
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"2 sections of cortex on left/right sides"
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"corpus callosum"
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"think band of neurons that connects right/left hemisphere"
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"occipital lobe"
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"visual center of brain. rear/bottom"
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"parietal lobes"
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"touch
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"somatosensory cortex"
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"neurons running down front of parietal lobes ‚ processes info from skin
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"temporal lobes"
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"area of cortex behind temples ‚ neurons responsible for hearing & meaningful speech"
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"frontal lobes"
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"front/top of brain. Higher mental processes
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"motor cortex"
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"section of frontal lobe ‚ sends motor commands to SNS."
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"association areas"
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"each lobe in cortex responsible for coordination/interpretation of info & higher mental processing"
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"brocas aphasia"
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"disease resulting in damage to broca's area. Results in ability to understand & produce meaningful speech."
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"spatial neglect"
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"damage to association area of right hemisphere ‚ inability to recognize objects in left field"
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"cerebrum"
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"upper part of brain ‚ 2 hemispheres & connectors"
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"endocrine glands"
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"glands that secrete hormones directly into bloodstream"
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"hormones"
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"chemicals"
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"pituatory gland"
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"in brain ‚ secretes HGH & controls all other glands"
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"pineal gland"
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"near base of cerebrum ‚ secretes melatonin"
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"thyroid gland"
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"in neck ‚ regulates metabolism"
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"pancreas"
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"controls levels of sugar in blood"
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"gonads"
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"regulates sexual development / behavior & reproduction"
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"adrenal glands"
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"on top of each kidney. Secretes over 30 hormones. stress/salt intake/sexual hormones"
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"mirror neurons"
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"neurons that fire when one performs an action & one observes same action performed by other"
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"excitory neurotransmitter"
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"causes receiving cell to fire"
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