Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Impairment |
Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function that limits or changes an individual’s ability to perform a task or activity |
|
Functional Limitation |
Limitation due to an impairment that is not disabling yet interferes with normal function. Interferes with activities of daily life. |
|
Types of Impairments |
Musculoskeletal Neuromuscular Cardiovascular/pulmonary Integumentary
|
|
Musculoskeletal impairments |
Pain Muscle weakness Decreased muscular endurance Limited ROM Restriction of joint capsule Restriction of periarticular connective tissue Decreased muscle length Joint hypermobility Faulty posture Muscle length/strength
|
|
Neuromuscular impairments |
Pain Impaired balance, postural stability or control Incoordination, faulty timing Delayed motor development Abnormal tone (hypotonia, hypertonia, dystonia) Ineffective/inefficient functional movement strategies
|
|
Cardiovascular/pulmonary impairments |
Decrease aerobic capacity (cardiopulmonary endurance) Impaired circulation (lymphatic, venous, arterial) Pain with sustained physical activity (intermittent claudication) |
|
Integumentary impairments |
Skin hypomobility (immobile or adherent scarring) |
|
Functional Limitations |
Reaching and grasping Lifting, lowering and carrying Pushing and pulling Bending, stooping Turning and twisting Throwing and catching Sitting or standing tolerance Squatting and kneeling Standing up and sitting down Getting in and out of bed |
|
What are some interventions to increase a patient's flexibility? |
Manual stretching Self-stretching Neuromuscular facilitation and inhibition (PNF) Muscle energy Joint mobilization Soft tissue mobilization Neural tissue mobilization |
|
Serial task |
Is composed of a series of discrete movements that are combined in a particular sequence. Examples: Eating with a fork Wheel chair transfers |
|
Continuous task |
Involves repetitive, uninterrupted movements that have no distinct beginning and ending. Examples: Walking ascending and descending stairs cycling |
|
Discrete task |
Involves an action or movement with a recognizable beginning and end. Examples: Contracting a muscle Grasping something Doing a pushup Locking a wheelchair |
|
Motor task |
Is simply an exercise that a therapist teaches and a patient is expected to learn. |
|
Motor learning |
Is a complex set of of internal processes that involves the acquisition and relativity permanent retention of a skilled movement or task through practice. It involves both acquisition and retention.
Performance learning only involves acquisition of the ability to carry out a skill. |
|
Gentiles Taxonomy (know how to put tasks in the right box) page 29 Kisner and Colby |
|
|
Closed or open environment |
Is whether objects around the patient are are stationary or moving during the task and if the surface on which the task is performed is fixed or moving. |
|
Closed environment |
Objects around the patient and the surface on which the task is performed do not move. When a functional task is performed in this environment the pt's complete attention can be focused on the task. Examples: Standing at a sink and washing your hands Walking in an empty hallway |
|
Open environment |
Is one in which objects or other people are in motion or the support surface is unstable during task. The movement in the environment is not under the control of the pt. Examples: Maintaining sitting or standing balance on a moveable surface. Standing on a moving train or bus. Crossing a street at a busy intersection |
|
What does it mean to have intertrial variability? |
When the environment in which a task is constant (unchanging) from one performance of a task to the next, inter-trial variability is absent. The environmental conditions for the task are predictable, little attention to the task is required, which often enables a pt to perform two tasks at once. |
|
When is intertrial variability is present? |
When the demands change from one attempt or repetition of a task to the next.
The pt must continually monitor the changing demands of the environment and adapt to the new circumstances by using a variety of movement strategies to complete the task. |
|
Feedback |
Is sensory information that is received and processed by the learner during or after performing or attempting to perform a motor skill. |
|
Intrinsic feedback |
|
|
Augmented (Extrinsic) feedback |
|
|
Knowledge of Performance (KP) |
Either intrinsic feedback sensed during a task or immediate, post-task, augmented feedback (usually verbal) about the nature or quality of the performance of a motor task. |
|
Knowledge of Results (KR) |
Immediate, post-task, augmented feedback about the outcome of a motor task. |
|
Feedback Schedule |
The timing or frequency of feedback. |
|
Concurrent Feedback |
Occurs during the performance of a task; also known as "real-time" feedback. |
|
Postresponse (terminal) Feedback |
Occurs after completing or attempting to complete a motor skill. |
|
Immediate Feedback |
Information that is given directly after a task is completed. |
|
Delayed Feedback |
Information that is given after a short interval of time has elapsed, allowing time for the learner to reflect on how well or poorly a task was executed. |
|
Summary Feedback |
Information that is given about the average performance of several repetitions of a motor skill. |
|
Variable Feedback |
Occurs irregularly, randomly during practice of a motor skill. |
|
Constant Feedback |
Occurs on a regularly recurring, continuous basis during practice of a motor task. |
|
Types of Practice page 32 Box 1.18
Part Practice |
A task is broken down into separate dimensions. Individual and usually the more difficult components of the task are practiced. They are combined in sequence so that the whole task can be performed. |
|
Whole Practice |
The entire task is performed from the beginning to end and is not practiced in seperate segments. |
|
Blocked-order Practice |
The same task or series of exercises or tasks is performed repeatedly under the same conditions and in a predictable order. |
|
Random-order Practice |
Slight variations of the same task are carried out in an unpredictable order. |
|
Random/blocked Practice |
Variations of the same task are performed in random order, but each variation of the task is performed more than once. |
|
Physical Practice |
The movements of an exercise or functional task are actually performed. |
|
Mental Practice |
A cognitive rehearsal of how a motor task is to be performed occurs prior to actually executing the task. Visualization and motor imagery practice are used synonymously with mental practice. |
|
What are the tissues that resist elongation of a muscle? |
Tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, fascia, and skin |
|
When a muscle spindle fires, what happens? |
|
|
When the GTO fires, what happens? |
|
|
Stress-strain curve |
|
|
Stress |
Is force or load per unit. |
|
Strain |
Is the amount of deformation or lengthening that occurs when a load or stretch force is applied. |
|
Toe Region |
|
|
Elastic Range |
|
|
Plastic Range |
|
|
Elastic limit |
The point beyond which the tissue does not return to its origonal shape and size. |
|
Ultimate Strength |
The greatest load the tissue can sustain. |
|
Failure |
Rupture of the integrity of the tissue. |
|
Structural stiffness |
The slope of the linear portion of the curve (elastic range) known as Young's modulus or modulus of elasticity and represents the stiffness of the tissue. |
|
What is Creep? |
When a load is applied for an extended period of time the tissue elongates and does not return to previous length.
|
|
Why do you want to perform a stretch? |
|
|
Contraindications to stretching |
|
|
Hamstring length test by Kendall |
This is the handout she gave us in class. It looks like it's the same as measuring hip flexion with knee straight and foot relaxed. You measure the distance between the table and the leg. Around 80 degrees. |
|
Strategies to foster adherence to an exercise program Box 1.22 page 37 |
|
|
How do you know when your pt is relaxed? |
|
|
PNF Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
Contract-relax |
The Contract –Relax stretch is utilized for gaining range of motion restricted by muscular tightness. The patient should be taken into a stretched position. They are then instructed to isotonically contract against the resistance of a therapist, and then relax. The patient can then be taken back into the stretched position. |
|
Hold-Relax or Contract relax |
Example: When the pt is supine with leg straight in hip flexion they contract the hamstring pushing down with their heel into the therapist resistance. |
|
Agonist contraction |
|
|
Hold-Relax with Agonist Contract |
|