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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the primary function of the lungs? |
exchange cases between the environmental air and blood |
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What are the 3 steps of gas exchange in the lungs? |
ventilation, diffusion, perfussion |
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Respiration |
process of exchanging O2 and CO2 |
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Ventilation |
mechanical movement of air between the atmosphere and lungs (aka respiratory rate) |
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Perfussion |
blood flow |
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Diffusion |
transfer of gases |
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Surfactant |
lipoprotein made by alveolar cells to lubricate and decrease surface tension
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Elastic Recoil |
tendency of the lungs to return to restate state after inspiration |
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Compliance |
measure of lung and chest wall distensibility, opposite of elasticity |
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V/Q ratio |
relationship between ventilation and perfussion (normal is 0.8) |
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Dyspnea |
breathing discomfort, chronic or acute (air hunger, breathlessness SOB, preoccupation with breathing) |
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DOE |
dyspnea on exertion |
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Orthopnea |
dyspnea when lying flat |
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) |
nighttime gasping for air |
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Hemoptysis |
coughing up blood |
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Hematemesis |
vomiting blood |
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Cyanosis |
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by reduced Hgb or inadequate oxygenation of the blood |
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Clubbing |
bulbous enlargement of the end of a digit, usually associated with chronic disease |
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Hypercapnia |
increase CO2 concentration in the blood, due to hypoventilation |
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Hypoxemia |
reduced oxygenation of arterial blood |
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Hypoxia |
reduced oxygenation of cells in tissues |
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Kussmaul Respirations |
slightly increased ventilatory rate (no expiratory pause) |
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Cheyne-Strokes Respirations |
alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, apnea lasting from 15-60 seconds |
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Which artery perfuses lung tissue? |
bronchial artery |
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Where in the lungs does gas exchange occur? |
alveoli |
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When compliance is decreased, does it require more or less energy to inflate the lungs? |
more |
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What are the 3 centers in the brain that regulate respiration? |
medulla, pons, chemoreceptors |
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What is the Medullas role in controlling respirations? |
1. control center that determines breathing pattern 2. data received from sensory nerves, gas exchange reciprocal values, and chemoreceptors 3. vagus and phrenic nerves (determines RR and controls how we will respond) |