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21 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Rouleaux formation |
Looks Like : stack formation What: circulate normally but stack on smear Indicates: increased proteins due to inflammation Notes: NORMAL in cats and horses |
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Agglutination |
Looks Like : irregular clumps of RBC
What: due to antibody coating RBC Indicates: problems Notes: saline disperse rouleaux but not autoaalutination |
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Anisocytosis |
variation is RBC size RDW (red blood cell distribution width) is the numerical measure |
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Polychromasia |
Looks Like : larger and more blue grey cell ** with wrights stain
What: less mature RBCS Indicates: more RNA and less Hgb REGENERATIVE response in anemic animals Notes: 0-2 is normal in dogs and cats, called reticulocytes if NMB stain |
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hypochromasia |
Looks Like : increased in central zone of pallor
What: decreased amount of hemoglobin (decreased MCHC) Indicates: decreased Hgb from iron deficiency or a regenerative response Notes: distinguish from punched out cells |
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basophilic stippling |
Looks Like : punctate basophilic granules
What: consist of ribosomes nad polyribosomes Indicates: regenerativve anemia in ruminants lead toxicity in dogs |
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nucleated RBC |
Looks Like : dark blue nucleus and purplish large cytoplasm
with reticulocyte: part of regenerative response without reticulocytes: extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenic dysfunction, hemangiocarcoma, cushings disease. lead toxicity, erythroleukemia in cats
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Howwell- Jolly Bodies |
Looks Like : round basophilic small body within the cell
What: nuclear fragment Indicates: some types of regenerative anemia, extramedullaryhemolysis , splenic dystfunction |
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Spherocytes |
Looks Like : small RBC without central zone of pallor
What: decreased surfaces to volume ratio because antibodies bind to RBCs resulting in partial phagocytosis by macrophages in spleen Indicates: Immune MediatedHemolytic anemia Notes: difficulte to detect in cats horses and ruminant |
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Poikilocytes |
general term for RBC of abnormal shape USE another term |
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schistocytes |
RBC fragments from mechanical trauma, intravascular coagulation vascular neoplasm vasculitis alter vasular flow |
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Keratocytes |
Looks Like : 1 or 2 projections What: physical or chemical injury to the cell
Indicates: iron deficiency DIC liver diease |
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acanthocytes |
Looks Like : unevenly distributed irregular thorny projections What: excess cholesterol in RBC membrane
Indicates: Liver diease, DIC hemangiosarcoma (most common) splenic disease : |
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echinocytes |
Looks Like : uniformly spaced projections
What: usually invitro artifact crenasted RBS Indicates: lymphoma, rattlesnake bite, chemotherapy Notes: post exercise in horses |
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Leptocytes |
Looks Like : folded cells or target cells
What: increased surface area to volume ratio Indicates: liver disease, hypothyroidism, iron deficiency or chronic disease Notes: Normal or nonspecific |
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stomatocytes |
Looks Like : mouth like slit Indicates: USUALLY ARTIFACT Notes: can eb hereditary |
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punched out or bowl cells |
Looks Like : HgB distributed to outer edges with sharply demarkated center
Indicates: ARTIFACT Notes: MCHC is normal (appear hypochromic but not) |
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Heinz Bodies |
Looks Like : precipitated Hgb protrudes from RBC surface
What:induced by oxidants drugs and toxins (onions and acetometaphin Indicates: chronic liver disease Notes: more comone in cats |
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eccentrocytes |
Looks Like : hemoglobin condensed at one end of the celland white space
What: oxidative injury to cell membrane Indicates: zinc toxicity dogs red maple leaf toxicity in horse |
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dacryocytes |
Looks Like :tear drop shaped
What: common non specific finding in sick camelids and anemic llamas Indicates: Myeloproliferative disorders in dogs and cats |
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Reticulocytes |
Looks Like : WITH NMB stain organelles stain blue What: immature anucleate RBC that still have ribosomes and mitochondira to synthesize Hgb Indicates: regenerative anemia if increased # and nonregenerative anemia normal numbersNotes: polychromatic cells stained with wrights
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