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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Colonialism
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The conquest of one or more nations by another nations
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Imperialism
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The dominance and power asserted by one nation over less powerful nations
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Africa
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Before 1600 about 2,000 slaves were captured and taken from here each year
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American settlement
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became the major reason for the growth in the slave trade
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25%
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Percent of slaves that died before reaching the new world
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Africa
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Several states maintained their independence during most of the 19th century
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Britain
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This Navy had a large part in ending slave trade
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Raw materials
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The African economy changed from selling slaves to providing _________ as needed by industrial countries
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Palm Oil
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Remained the leading export because industrial nations used it to lubricate their machines
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Warfare and raids
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____________ and __________ declined significantly when the British navy ended the slave trade around 1850
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Gathering based economy
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allowed more Africans access to the wealth that poured into Africa
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Peaceful
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_________conditions allowed the Africans to settle rather than continue to migrate
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19th century
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During what century did the commercial routes merge and unify?
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Islamic
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Some African states grew because of __________ conquest
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Islamic conquest
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The sokoto (in modern Nigeria) and Tukalor (in modern Mali) empires are examples of ___________
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Industry
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African states began to modernize by setting up factories
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Military
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Some African states in North and West Africa including Moproeo, Tunisia, and Ethiopia began to modernize their armies in anticipation of possible threats from European nations
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Menelik of Ethiopia
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Replaced his poorly trained volunteer army with well-equipped and well-trained soldiers
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Samori Ture
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West African general who developed a modern army with current weapons to defend the Wassoulu Empire
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Fante Confederation
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formed in Ghana in 1868 this African organization led by African pastors and teachers; provides an excellent example of Africans working to maintain self rule and improve the lives of their people
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Cash crops
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Provided a growing income for many Africans
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Increased trade and economic opportunity
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spread into the heart of the AFrican continent
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Sir Richard Burton
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searched for the answer to the mystery that began in Egypt; the elusive source of the Nile
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David Livingston
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was the most famous European explorer in Africa during the 19th century
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David Livingston
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followed the Zambeez River and discovered the falls that the Europeans named Mos-ou-tama Falls. He also traveled the Lake to Tanganyika where Henry Stanley, a welsh reporter found him
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Henry Stanley
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A welsh reported found David Livingston at Lake Tanganyika
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Robert Moffat
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One of the earliest missionaries from the British empire to serve in Africa; in 1817 he landed in South Africa and began a ministry that spanned 53 years
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Missionary societies
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formed with the specific goal of recruiting missionaries for Africa
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Samuel Ajayi Crowther
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Became the 1st African preacher in the Baptist church. He also translated the Bible into the Yorba language
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Portugal
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One of the first European states to explore the coast of Africa and establish trade settlements
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Britain
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Expanded its exploration following the loss of the American colonies in the 18th century
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Slaves
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Early British trade with Africa primarily involved ___________.
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Industrial Revolution
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provided a growing demand for African raw materials
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France
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the 2nd French Colonial Empire began in 1830 with the invasion of Alergia in North Africa
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Joseph Jenkins Roberts
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president of Liberia; used diplomacy and the aid of the US to preserve Liberian independence
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Menelik
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King of Ethiopia; used well-trained army to defeat the Italian forces; he refused to submit to Italian demands
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Formation of New African States
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boundaries were drawn by Europeans with little regard for the actual location of tribes; no African input
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Colonies subject to European control
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Between 1880 and 1910 Africa went from a continent filled with many independent sovereign states to 40 artificially created__________
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Trans-Sahara railway
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The French sent 3 groups to determine routes for a __________
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Commander
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The french appointed a ___________ in North Africa to expand French interests farther inland
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King Leopold of Belgium
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________ and the French sent diplomats to secure treaties with the African tribes in the Congo basin
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Congo basin
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King Leopold of Belgium and the French sent diplomats to secure treaties with the African tribes in the _______
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Britain
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Continued expansion by the French and King Leopold resulted in claims by ________ and other European states
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European
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Soon, almost all of Africa came under _______ domination
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Industrial Revolution and free trade
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What 2 things caused international trade to grow rapidly?
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free trade
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Nations reacted to the increased competition by abandoning __________
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tarrifs
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To protect their markets from lower priced foreign goods, they raised their ______
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raw materials
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The increasing need for _____ also made control of resources in Africa appealing to the European states
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direct control
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European powers decided that Europeans could better manage Africa's resources and increase their profits by taking ____________
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Colonization
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__________ of regions in Africa provided an excellent opportunity for newly unified states to compete with the established European powers
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France
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AFter being defeated by Germany in 1870, ______ was desperate for a victory. Their pride was at stake
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Colonialism
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Some people viewed this as a way to open Africa for expanded evangelistic outreach
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Missionaries
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By the end of the 19th century, almost 6,000 of these traveled to foreign lands under British control
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That Europeans were superior to the African race
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Many Europeans used this lie to justify colonialism and imperialism
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution
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Became more popular and offered support for the idea that some people groups were more superior than others
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John Africanus Horton
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disproved the claims that the black man was racially inferior; his work West African Countries and Peoples; A Vindication of the African Race argued that different stages of civilization had nothing to do with race
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Liberia and Ethiopia
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By the end of the 3rd phase to control Africa, all but these 2 African states had lost their independence and had become the possession of European powers
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Phase One
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The phase when Europeans convinced African rulers to sign treaties with a particular European state
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King Macemba
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This African king of the Yao tribe wrote to the German authorities who pressured him to submit to a treaty; his letter to the Germans basically rejected colonization
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Phase Two
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During this phase, treaties among European nations - Imperial poweres signed treaties that defined their regions of interest and agreed on boundaries to avoid conflict
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Berlin Conference
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met in Berlin, Germany in 1885 to divide Africa
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Phase Three
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Began with the arrival of ships and troops off the coast of African states; the Africans had three broad responses to these unexpected invasions: submission, alliance, and confrontation
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Diplomacy
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became the more restrained form of confrontation; African leaders negotiated with the Europeans to try to maintain as much control of their land as possible
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Armed resistance
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Muslim rulers were determined not to submit to rule by the infedel Europeans; they offered stiff resistance and died in large numbers
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Flintlock
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most advanced African forces still used these weapons
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Maxim gun
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Europeans returned fire with rapid-firing guns such as _______
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Samori Ture
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established a Muslim empire in West Africa. When the French attempted to take control of his land, he resisted and defeated them in many battles
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