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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many alleles of a proto-oncogene are
necessary for transformation of the cell |
1
|
|
Genes that sense genomic damage are referred to
|
Guardian
|
|
The movement of a section of one chromosome to
another location on another chromosome is called |
Translocation
|
|
Genetic alterations that are not the result of mutation,
but do result in a change in gene expression are |
epigenetics
|
|
MicroRNAs code for proteins that
repress or increase gene expression. |
False
|
|
One way cancer cell achieve self-sufficiency in
growth signals is |
over-repress growth factor receptors
|
|
Mutations in ABL, specifically the translocation
from chromosome 9 to 22, are seen in which condition |
CML
|
|
Loss of heterozygosity means that only the
mutated allele is left. |
True
|
|
The word that describes very poorly differentiated cells that do not interact properly with their
environment is |
Anaplasia
|
|
Which is a funtion of human microbiome?
|
Crowding out pathogens
|
|
What is the hygiene hypothesis
|
some human disease are related to being too clean
|
|
Cancer cell growth factor expression is often
|
autocrine
|
|
reversible replacement of one adult cell type by another as an adaptation to stress is
|
metaplasia
|
|
what is the one thing that unifies all amyloid proteins that cause disease
|
Beta plated sheet proteins
|
|
HIV infection cases primary immunodeficiency
|
FALSE (it should be secondary immunodeficiency, primary is something you're born with)
|
|
Inversions occur between
|
two chromosomes in a pair
|
|
when tumor cells down regulate their expression of MHC I to be less visible to CTLs, they risk attach by which other cell type
|
NK cells
|
|
a growth factor receptor that is often mutated in cancer cells is
|
EGFR
|
|
all cancers seem to have mutations that effect
which check point in cell cycle |
G1-S
|
|
bridge fusion breakage contributes to what very important
factor that contributes to cancer development |
genome instability
|
|
What is nondisjunction
|
improper separation of chromosome
|
|
Translocation
|
swapping genes among chromosomes
|
|
chromosomal error in Klinefelter's Syndrome is
|
XXY in a phenotypic male
|
|
Phenotype means
|
observable characteristics
|
|
Screening tests for
prenatal genetic disorders include: |
ultrasound
|
|
new growth of tissue within the body that exhibits
abnormal division, maturation, and relationship to its environment is referred to |
neoplasia
|
|
what is a fundamental characteristic of all cancers
|
abnormal differentiation
|
|
besides the characteristics of cancerous growth,
what is one of the most important distinguishing factor when deciding whether a growth is benign or malignant |
invasiveness
|
|
heteroplasia is not a true neoplastic change
because the tissue changes |
cease when stimulation is removed
|
|
Adenomas are
|
benign and arising from glad or duct epithelium
|
|
neoplastic differentiation and metaplasia are different
because metaplasia is |
reversible
|
|
the word that describes veryl poorly differentiated cells
that do not interact properly with their environment is |
anaplasia
|
|
a growth factor receptor that is often
mutated in cancer cells |
EGF receptor
|
|
All cancers seem to have mutations at which
check point in cell cycle |
G1-S
|
|
RB is known as the governor because its regulation of
|
the cell cycle
|
|
reactivation of what enzyme allows cancer cells to
attain almost limitless replicative potential? |
Telomerase
|
|
most often, cancers that spread via that bloodstream are
|
sarcomas
|
|
rapidly growing tumors must induce angiogenesis to survive.
signals from two specific growth factors help with this. They are |
VEGF and FGF
|
|
genes that sense genomic damage are
|
guadians
|
|
the increasing malignancy and resistance of cancerous growths
to treatment is referred to as |
tumor progression
|
|
what specific type of cells are more likely to have balanced
translocation because their normal behavior |
lymphocytes
|
|
a proto-oncogene that becomes an oncogene by
gene amplification in neuroblastomas is |
NMYC
|
|
patients with nucleotides excision repair system
defects are more susceptible to what carcinogen |
UV light
|
|
tumor cells may mask their antigens to avoid immune survelliance
what do they use to mask their surface antigens |
glycocalyx
|
|
where is the worst body site for a tumor to arise in terms
of mechanical pressure |
brain
|
|
an example of enzyme that is tested for mutations
in order to inform therapeutic decisions making is |
ALK kinase
|
|
which of the tests below is a
diagnostic test for genetic disorder |
CVS
|
|
what is genetic abnormalities that can be detected
by karyotype analysis |
inversion
|
|
the genetic defect most often seen in Down's Syndrome is
|
trisomy
|
|
Familial Hypercholoesterolemia is
what type of genetic disorder |
autosomal dominant
|
|
if frequency of mutant phenotype for male and female offspring
is equal but the parents my not have the mutant phenotype, inheritance patter is |
autosomal recessive
|