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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define:
ΔΨ |
Membrane Potential
The electrical potential difference across a membrane |
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Define:
Nonmediated Transport |
The transmembrane movement of a substance through simple diffusion; the opposite of mediated transport.
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Define:
Mediated Transport |
The transmembrane movement of a substance through the action of a specific carrier protein; the opposite of nonmediated transport.
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Define:
Passive-mediated Transport |
Also called facilitated diffusion.
The thermodynamically spontaneous carrier-mediated transmembrane movement of a substance from high to low concentration |
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Define:
Active Transport |
The transmembrane movement of a substance from low to high concentrations by a protein that couple this endergonic transport to an exergonic process such as ATP hydrolysis
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Define:
Ionophore |
An organic molecule, often an antibiotic, that increases the permeability of a membrane to a particular ion. A carrier ionophore diffuses with its ion through the membrane, whereas a channel-forming ionophore forms a transmembrane pore.
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Define:
Mechanosensitive channel |
A channel whose opening and closing (gating) is controlled by stimuli such as touch, sound, and changes in osmotic pressure.
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Define:
Ligand-gated channel |
A channel whose opening and closing (gating) is controlled by the binding of a specific molecule (ligand)
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Define:
Signal-gated channel |
A channel whose opening and closing (gating) is controlled by the binding of an intracellular signaling molecule.
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Define:
Voltage-gated channel |
A channel whose opening and closing (gating) is controlled by a change in membrane potential.
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Define:
Gap Junction |
An intercellular channel for ions and small molecules that is formed by protein complexes in the membranes of apposed cells.
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Define:
Symport |
A transmembrane channel that simultaneously transports two different molecules or ions in the same direction.
See also antiport and uniport |
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Define:
Uniport |
A transmembrane channel that transports a single molecule or ion.
See also antiport and symport. |
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Define:
Antiport |
A transmembrane channel that simultaneously moves two molecules or ions in opposite directions.
See also symport and uniport. |
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Define:
Primary Active Transport |
Transmembrane transport that is driven by the exergonic hydrolysis of ATP.
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Define:
Secondary Active Transport |
Transmembrane transport that is driven by the energy stored in an electrochemical gradient, which itself is generated utilizing the free energy of ATP hydrolysis or electron transport.
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