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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define:
Genetic code |
The correspondence between the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid and the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.
A series of three nucleotides (a codon) specifies an amino acid. |
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Define:
Codon |
The sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that specifies a single amino acid.
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Define:
Degenerate code |
A code in which more than one "word" encodes the same entity.
As it relates to Biochem: How more than one codon can be used for synthesizing an amino acid. |
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Define:
Triplet code |
How combinations of 3 bases specifies an amino acid.
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Define:
Reading frame |
The grouping of nucleotides in sets of three whose sequence corresponds to a polypeptide sequence.
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Define:
Anticodon |
The sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that recognizes an mRNA codon through complementary base pairing
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Define:
Synonymous codons |
Codons that specify the same amino acid
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Define:
Stop codon |
A sequence of three nucleotides that does not specify an amino acid but instead causes the termination of translation.
Also called a nonsense codon. |
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Define:
Acceptor stem |
The base-paired region of a tRNA molecule that contains the 5' end and the 3' end, to which an amino acid is attached.
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Define:
D arm |
A conserved stem-loop structure in a tRNA molecule that usually contains the modified base dihydrouridine.
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Define:
Anticodon arm |
The conserved stem-loop structure in a tRNA molecule that includes the anticodon.
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Define:
TψC arm |
A conserved stem-loop structure in a tRNA molecule that usually contains the sequence TψC, where ψ is pseudouridine.
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Define:
aaRS |
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
An enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent esterification of an amino acid to a tRNA with high specificity for the amino acid and the tRNA molecule. |
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Define:
aa-tRNA |
Aminoacyl-tRNA
The covalent ester complex between an "activated" amino acid and a tRNA molecule. |