Modules 8 & 9

Theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context.

A. Albert Bandura

B. Social Learning

C. Stimulus

Can be learned through models.

A. Aggression

B. Social Learning

C. Stimulus

He mentions four conditions that are necessary before an individual can successfully model the behavior of someone else.

A. Tolman

B. Skinner

C. Bandura

Often linked between behaviorism and cognitive theory.

A. Behaviorism

B. Sign Learning Theory

C. Stimuli

Learning that remains or stays with the individual until needed.

A. Cognitive Maps

B. Latent Learning

C. Social Learning

It served as the foundation of the cognitive perspective of learning.

A. Gestalt Psychology

B. Theory

C. Principles

The term Gestalt means.

A. Emphasize

B. Form or Configuration

C. Perception

Another of the founders of Gestalt Psychology.

A. Max Wertheimer

B. Wolfgang Köhler

C. Kurt Koffka

Father of Gestalt Psychology.

A. Max Wertheimer

B. Wolfgang Köhler

C. Kurt Koffka

Psychologist and Phenomenologists.

A. Max Wertheimer

B. Wolfgang Köhler

C. Kurt Koffka

The word _____ is a German term meaning "good figure."

A. Law of Closure

B. Law of Good Pragnanz

C. Law of Good Continuation

The principle of continuity predicts the preference for continuous figures.

A. Law of Closure

B. Law of Good Pragnanz

C. Law of Good Continuation

Captures the idea that when we see incomplete elements in a visual, our brains tend to fill in the gaps and see it as a whole.

A. Law of Closure

B. Law of Good Pragnanz

C. Law of Good Continuation

Is a type of perceptual grouping which is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision.

A. Law of Closure

B. Law of Good Pragnanz

C. Law of Figure/ Ground

Related concepts or lessons should be taught aligned or closely to each other.

A. Law of Similarity

B. Law of Proximity

C. Law of Closure

Are not allowed connected by just one-to-one switches to the outgoing responses.

A. Stimulus

B. Stimuli

C. Cognitive Maps

The person must pay attention to the model.

A. Attention

B. Retention

C. Motivation

The final necessary ingredient for modeling to occur in motivation.

A. Attention

B. Retention

C. Motivation

The third condition is the ability to replicate behavior that the model has just demonstrated.

A. Attention

B. Motor Reproduction

C. Motivation

One way of increasing this is using the technique of rehearsal.

A. Attention

B. Motor Reproduction

C. Retention

Were a transitional group, bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning.

Often linked between behaviorism and cognitive theory.

It is a cognitive process.

Is acquired through meaningful behavior.

Which are not connected by just simple one-to-one switches to the outgoing responses.

Becomes associated with already meaningful stimuli through a series of paintings.

Learning that remains or stays with the individual until needed.

Famous experiments on rats conclude that organisms or individuals to be exact learned the location and will select the shortest or easiest path to achieve a goal.

Is not essential for learning, although it provides an incentive for performance.

That are not readily seen but serves as determinants of behavior.

Focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context.

Can be learned through models.

Are influenced by observation and modeling.

Regarding right and wrong which can, in part, develop through modeling.

The person must pay attention to the model.

Final necessary ingredient for modeling to occur in motivation.

One way of increasing this is using the technique or rehearsal.

Is the ability to replicate behavior that the model has just demonstrated.

Is considered the leading proponent of this theory.

An actual person demonstrating the behavior.

Was the forefront of the cognitive psychology.

Was the initial cognitive response to behaviorism.

Means "form" or "configuration"

The Gestalt is used in modern German to mean the way a thing has been ____ or ____.

A psychologist born on March 18, 1886

Father of Gestalt Psychology.

Psychologist and Phenomenologists.

States that when objects appear close to one another they tend to be perceived as a group.

Captures the idea that when we see incomplete elements in a visual, our brains tend to fill in the gaps and see it as a whole.

Our brains quickly identify patterns faster than the separate parts of the pattern.

The mind continous visual patterns.

Is a type of perceptual grouping which is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision.

Is sometimes referred to as the law of good figure or the law of simplicity.

Is focused on the experience of contact that occurs in the here and now.

He describes experiments with apes where the apes could use boxes and sticks as tools to solve problems.

Adheres to the idea of learning taking place by discovery or insight.

Referred to this behavior as insight or discovery learning.

Has inner and outer forces that affect his perceptions.

In psychology the word is often interpreted as ____ or ____.

There is no exact equivalent in English. ____ and ____ are the usual translations.

People can learn by observing the behavior of others and the outcomes of those behaviours.

Learning can occur without a change in behaviour.

Cognition plays a role in learning.

Social learning theory has become increasingly cognitive in interpretation of human learning.

Social learning theory can be considered a bridge or as transition between behaviourist learning theories and cognitive learning theories.

The observer is not reinforce by the model.

Consequences of the model's behaviour does not affect the observer's behaviour vicariously.

Contemporary theory proposes that both reinforcement and punishment have indirect effects on learning.

The expectation of reinforcement influences cognitive processes that promote learning.

Reinforcement is essential for learning.

Teachers should expose students to a variety of other models.

Students often learn a great deal simply by observing other people.

Modeling teaches new behaviors.

Modeling decreases the frequency of similar behaviors.

Modeling may not encourage previously forbidden behaviors.

Learners were not passive, but rather active.

Learners do not just collect information but they actively process and restructure data in order to understand it.

Factors like past experiences, needs, attitudes and one's present situation can affect their perception.

Gestalt psychology is focused on the experience of contact that occurs in the here and now.

Gestalt theory was the initial cognitive response to behaviorism.

The term Gestalt means "form" or "shape."

Max Wertheimer was born on April 10, 1880.

Kurt Koffka was died on November 22, 1940.

Wolfgang Köhler was a biologist and naturalist.

There are five psychologists who studied Gestalt Psychology.

The idea of insight was first developed by Wolfgang Köhler.

Kurt Koffka referred to this behavior as insight or discovery learning.

Outer forces may include the attitude and behavior of the teacher and classmates.

Inner forces include his own motivation, attitudes, and feelings.

An individual has inner and outer forces that affect his perceptions.

3 Gestalt Psychologists:

Gestalt Principles:

Life space (Lewin):

Conditions necessary for effective modeling to occur:

Tolman's Key Concept:

Bandura's Social Learning Theory:

Effects of modeling on behavior:

Term for Gestalt means:

Categories in Gestalt Psychology:

Usual translations in psychology: